Investigations (
interactive charts 
articles)
Photographic Dynamic Range Chart (2024-11-18)
Photographic Dynamic Range Shadow Improvement Chart (2024-11-18)
Read Noise in DNs Chart (2024-11-18)
Input-referred Read Noise Chart (2024-11-18)
Sensor Heatmaps (2024-11-18)
Energy Spectra (2024-11-18)
Photon Transfer Curves (2024-11-18)
Photographic Dynamic Range versus Sensor Area Scatter Chart (2019-08-30)
Low Light ISO versus Sensor Area Scatter Chart (2019-08-30)
Measurement and Sample Variation (2018-11-01)
Special Editions of Various Charts (interactive charts)
Photographic Dynamic Range Fujifilm X-T3 Special Edition Chart (2018-10-21)
Photographic Dynamic Range Nikon D850 Special Edition Chart (2018-01-01)
Read Noise in DNs Nikon D850 Special Edition Chart (2018-01-01)
Photographic Dynamic Range Magic Lantern Dual ISO Special Edition Chart (2023-03-21)
Photographic Dynamic Range Olympus High Res Shot Mode Special Edition Chart (2022-03-17)
Photographic Dynamic Range Panasonic High Resoultion Mode Special Edition Chart (2019-04-16)
Photographic Dynamic Range Pentax Pixel Shift Resolution Special Edition Chart (2018-12-03)
Photographic Dynamic Range Sony Pixel Shift Multi Shooting Special Edition Chart (2018-01-01)
Optical Bench (interactive)
Optical Bench (2024-10-15)
Optical Bench Hub (2024-10-15)
Optical Bench and NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights (2024-05-19)
Optical Bench Microscopy (2024-02-23)
Optical Bench - GOI Edition (2020-03-17)
Thick Lens Optical Bench (2021-08-23)
Optics Primer (2021-06-13)
Tools (interactive)
Exposure Waterfall (2018-01-01)
Simple Close-up Calculator (DHTML) (2018-01-06)
Close-up Calculator (DHTML) (2018-01-06)
DxOMark Investigations and DxOMark Derived Data (interactive charts 
interactive tables articles)
DxOMark Photographic Dynamic Range Chart (2023-07-13)
DxOMark ISO Sensitivities (2014-12-24)
DxOMark Derived Measured ISO Chart (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Gain Analysis (2014-12-21)
DxOMark Derived Gain Chart (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Read Noise Analysis (2014-11-09)
DxOMark Derived Read Noise in DNs Chart (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Derived Input-referred Read Noise Chart (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Portrait Score Audit (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Landscape Score Audit (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Sports Score Audit (2023-07-13)
DxOMark Derived Sensor Characteristics Chart and Table (2023-07-13)
Comparisons of My Research and that of DxOMark (interactive charts)
Photographic Dynamic Range versus DxOMark Landscape Dyname Range Scatter Chart (2019-08-30)
Low Light ISO versus DxOMark Sports ISO Scatter Chart (2019-08-30)
General Information (articles)
Accessories
An Investigation of GPS Battery Usage (2017-01-14)
Nikon Rubber Eyecup for D300,D200,D70 etc (2008-05-15)
Close-up
How TeleConverters Affect Magnification (2007-02-28)
How Close-up Lenses Affect Magnification (2007-02-02)
How Extension Tubes Affect Magnification (2007-02-02)
70-180mm and 6T with Extension Tubes on Parade (2006-11-07)
50mm f1.8D and Extension Tubes on Parade (2006-11-07)
Tip - Choosing the Right Extension in the Field (2006-04-25)
Example - Single versus Dual Element Close-up Lenses (2006-04-17)
Examples - 18-200mm with Close-up Lens versus 50mm with Extension Tubes (2006-02-19)
Measuring Magnification (2005-11-09)
Exposure
The Exposure Waterfall - A Simple Graphical Explanation of Exposure (2015-10-14)
Exposure Steps (2009-02-11)
Study in Red - Part 2 (2008-09-04)
Study in Red (2008-01-06)
Additive Photographic Exposure System (APES) (2015-09-27)
D200 Exposure Statistics (2007-05-31)
Real D200 Color Temperatures for White Balance (2007-01-21)
Real D200 Color Temperatures for Choose Color Temp (2007-01-20)
Examples - D200 with ISO Auto and Flash (2006-11-19)
ISO Auto on Parade (2006-10-30)
Psychometric Lightness and Gamma (2005-03-26)
Why You're Seeing Red (2005-01-10)
D70 Histogram Investigation - Part 2 (2004-12-09)
D70 Histogram Investigation (2004-12-07)
Flash
Proof that CLS i-TTL Power Settings are Independent of Group (2008-09-11)
Quiz - Guess the Lighting Setup (2008-01-06)
Example - Isolation versus Back-fill (2007-07-07)
FP Sync to Freeze Motion (2007-02-11)
SB-800 - Power versus Shutter Speed (D70 and D200) (2006-07-05)
Examples - Ambient, iTTL-BL, and iTTL (2006-06-11)
Using Flash to Fight Noise and Retain Warm Lighting (2006-06-06)
Example - Why I Now Have Two Flashes (2006-05-07)
Example of SB-800 Range (2005-04-27)
Getting the Built-in Flash to Fire on the D70 with Wireless (2005-04-02)
Focus
Autofocus System Design by Marianne Oelund (2022-06-09)
D300 AF-C Dynamic Focus in Action (2008-07-17)
AF Fine Tuning Lens Identification (2007-12-31)
Real D200 AF Sensor Sizes and Positions (2006-12-28)
AF Sensor Nerdvana Achieved (2006-01-04)
Lenses
Optics Primer (2021-06-13)
Proof of Concept (2020-09-09)
Locating the Focal Points (2020-09-09)
Locating the Principal Points (2020-09-09)
Focusing by Extension (2018-02-25)
Magnification (2018-02-25)
Determining the Focal Length (2020-09-09)
Distance (2018-02-26)
Determining the Angle of View (2021-08-25)
Locating the Entrance and Exit Pupils (2020-09-09)
More on the Pupils (2018-03-16)
F-number and Numerical Aperture (2018-02-26)
Focusing by Lowering Focal Length (2018-02-25)
Zoom Lenses (2018-03-16)
Close-up Lenses (2018-03-23)
Effective Aperture (2018-03-28)
Focal Reducers (2018-03-24)
Teleconverters (2018-03-26)
Depth of Field (2018-06-05)
Bokeh Ball Diameter (2020-09-11)
Angle of View and Pupil Magnification (2020-09-11)
Angle of View and Magnification Formulas (2020-09-11)
Sine versus Tangent (2020-09-11)
Light Throughput (2020-09-13)
Light Throughput with a Close-up Lens (2021-06-12)
Projection Classification (2021-06-13)
Rectilinear Projection Lenses (2021-06-15)
Fisheye Projection Lenses (2021-06-15)
Ray Tracing and Index of Refraction Precision (2020-12-21)
Pupil Magnification versus Angle of View (2020-06-18)
Focal Length at Closest Focus - 105mm f2.8G IF-ED AF-S VR Micro-Nikkor (2017-07-27)
Focal Length versus Subject Distance - Sigma 150-500mm (2008-07-06)
Analysis of Minimum F-stop for the Sigma 120-400mm (2008-07-05)
Focal Length at Closest Focus - Sigma 100-300mm and 150-500mm (2008-07-05)
Analysis of Minimum F-stop for the Sigma 150-500mm (2008-07-02)
Angle of View Values for Common Focal Lengths (2006-11-22)
Measuring Focal Length - 70-200mm VR (2006-04-19)
Center versus Corner Sharpness of the 18-200mm DX (2006-03-18)
Light Falloff and Teleconverters (2006-02-06)
Analysis of T-Numbers 18-200mm versus 18-70mm (2006-01-09)
Analysis of Focal Lengths 18-200mm versus 18-70mm (2006-01-09)
Analysis of Sharpness 18-200mm versus 18-70mm (2006-01-09)
Analysis of Light Falloff 18-200mm versus 18-70mm (2006-01-07)
Analysis of Minimum F-stop for 18-200mm and 18-70mm Lenses (2006-01-06)
Analysis of Geometric Distortion 18-70mm versus 18-200mm (2005-12-31)
Measuring Focal Length - 18-70mm f3.5-4.5G ED-IF AF-S DX Zoom Nikkor (2005-11-11)
Measuring Focal Length - 50mm f1.8D AF Nikkor (2005-11-11)
Measuring Focal Length (2005-11-15)
Angle Of View and Focal Length (2005-11-11)
Panoramas
Panoramas - Finding the Entrance Pupil (2005-05)
Polarizing Filter
Circular Polarizer & Wide Angle Lenses (2008-08-16)
Be Not Afraid (2005-05-25)
Circular Polarizer Reducing Dynamic Range Example (2005-04-27)
Circular versus Linear Polarizer Identification (2005-04-14)
Circular Polarizer Example of Too Much (2005-03-31)
Circular Polarizer Example with Back to the Sun (2005-03-30)
Circular Polarizer Example (2005-02-16)
77mm Circular Polarizers - Bowers versus Tiffen (2004-12-31)
Post Processing
Resizing Example (2008-10-05)
Distance Formula Redux (2007-07-24)
Opanda Primer (2007-01-06)
Bug in Nikon Transfer 6.2.5 W (2006-08-23)
Perspective Control (2006-01-30)
Bug in Nikon Transfer 6.2.7 W (2005-12-31)
Color Space Basics (2007-12-15)
Choosing A Working Color Space (2007-12-15)
HDR Example - Lights burning out Interior Shots (2005-04-15)
Sensors & Raw
Sensor Analysis Primer (2019-04-30)
Gain (2011-11-08)
Read Noise - Optical Black (2009-02-28)
Photon Transfer Curve (2009-02-28)
White Level (2009-03-01)
BlackLevel Study (2019-04-28)
WhiteLevel Study (2019-04-30)
Engineering and Photographic Dynamic Range (2009-03-02)
Photographic Dynamic Range Summary (2009-03-04)
DX Crop Mode Photographic Dynamic Range (2012-03-01)
Photographic Dynamic Range Shadow Improvement (2012-03-03)
Fixed Pattern Noise Analysis (2015-03-09)
An Introduction to 2D Fourier Transforms for Sensor Analysis (2017-01-30)
An Introduction to Energy Spectra for Sensor Analysis (2021-03-27)
Energy Spectra and Repeating Patterns (2021-03-27)
Energy Spectra and Filtering (2021-03-27)
Dark Current Non-Uniformity (2022-02-19)
Bad Pixel Detection (2019-06-19)
Olympus Sensor Calibration as Compared with DxOMark Measured ISO (2019-02-10)
Quantization Error in Practice (2015-09-23)
Noise, Dynamic Range and Bit Depth in Digital SLRs by Emil Martinec (2015-08-15)
Sony A7RM2 DR-Pix Read Noise (2015-08-29)
Nikon D810 Dual Amplifier Read Noise (2014-12-21)
Sony A7S DR-Pix Read Noise (2015-08-29)
Aptina DR-Pix Technology White Paper (2010-09-21)
Constructing a Spectral Locus (2014-04-20)
Spectral Response of Bayer and X3 (2014-04-21)
Verifying X3 Planes (2014-04-21)
D4 Full Well Capacity and Gain Estimates (2012-03-20)
FX Read Noise Comparison (2012-02-16)
D800 Read Noise (2012-02-09)
D4 Read Noise (2012-03-20)
D7000 Read Noise (2012-04-02)
D700 Read Noise (2011-12-17)
D90 Does Noise Reduction on NEFs at Longer Exposures (2008-11-01)
D300 and D200 Do Noise Reduction on Longer Exposures (2008-03-13)
D300 and D200 NEF Files Can Be Affected by Noise Reduction (2008-03-07)
D3 NEF Files Can Be Affected by Noise Reduction (2008-03-07)
D300 (and D3) Read Noise (2008-03-04)
D300 (and D3) Gain (2008-03-03)
Resolution Doesn't Matter (2008-01-19)
Photon Transfer Curve (2007-11-24)
Read Noise (2007-11-25)
D70 Native Color Space (2007-04-21)
Circle of Confusion (2006-06-28)
Example of a D200 Photosite Analysis (2006-05-30)
Moiré and the In-camera Sharpness Setting (2006-02-20)
Nikon Raw Values are Quantized (2004-11-23)
Fujifilm Info (Generally useful Fujifilm information)
Fujifilm MCEX-11 and MCEX-16 on XF and XC Lenses (2022-03-30)
Fujifilm MCEX-18G and MCEX-45G on GF Lenses (2023-03-16)
Nikon DSLR Info (Generally useful Nikon DSLR information)
NEF Compression (2021-01-28)
NEF Version Matrix (2021-07-02)
DNG Info Matrix (2020-08-22)
Sigma Info (Generally useful Sigma information)
Progression of Sigma Cameras (2017-02-25)
SD9 Dark Frame Investigation (2014-04-19)
Nikon D300 Info (Generally useful Nikon D300 information)
D300 Standard Picture Controls (2009-01-17)
D300 Viewfinder (2007-12-02)
Nikon D200 Info (Generally useful Nikon D200 information)
How Settings Are Affected by Optimize Image (2006-08-06)
Annotated D200 Viewfinder (2005-08-07)
Nikon D70 Info (Generally useful Nikon D70 information)
How Color Mode is Affected by Mode (2005-05-12)
How Image Sharpening is Affected by Mode (2005-05-12)
Annotated D70 Viewfinder (2005-05-04)
Collaborations
Collaboration Overview (2017-12-20)
Dynamic Range Collaboration (2022-01-08)
Fixed Pattern Noise Collaboration (2019-04-08)
ISO Collaboration (2017-03-11)
Photo Galleries (DHTML)
All My Images from Online Posts (2009-01-25)
Birds (2007-05-26)
Butterflies (2008-09-24)
Flowers (2007-06-08)
Nikon D70 (2005-07-03)
Nikonos V (2005-07-03)
Nikkormat EL (2005-07-03)
Stacked Images (2009-02-23)
Selected Nikonian Posts (2007-01-15)
Images Posted on BugGuide.net (external link) (2006-11-07)
Downloads (General)
NefUtil Instructions (2011-11-08)
NefUtil Program v2.1 (2018-11-12)
DMove Instructions (2007-10-25)
DMove Program (2012-07-25)
NEF2ACR Instructions and Program (2008-12-28)
Links
(sign up required) (Nikonian membership required for certain forums)
Links to older Nikonian Posts I Have Made (Nikonian membership required for certain forums)
